As some individuals are only mildly affected or asymptomatic, it is estimated that only 10% of individuals with trisomy x are actually. Sep 24, 2015 triple a syndrome is characterized by three specific features. N syndrome genetic and rare diseases information center. Fragile x 101 book cover national fragile x foundation. Visual cueing is often a powerful learning strategy for boys with fragile x, and whole images, such as pictures, logos, or words can often be recognized well. Tetrasomy x also called xxxx syndrome, quadruple x, or 48,xxxx is an extremely rare chromosomal disorder caused by the presence of four x chromosomes instead of two x chromosomes.
Cleveland clinic presents its causes, symptoms, treatments and more. Triple x syndrome, also known by alternative names such as trisomy x or triplo x, is a disorder within chromosomes. Down syndrome can be diagnosed in infancy based on the characteristic clinical findings. Triple a allgrove syndrome was first described by allgrove in 1978 in two pairs of siblings. Fragile x syndrome fxs is a genetic disorder characterized by mildto moderate intellectual. Jan 18, 2019 triple x syndrome, also called trisomy x or 47,xxx, is a genetic disorder that affects about 1 in 1,000 females.
A history of ataxia or parkinsonlike tremors in older males and some. I have a younger sister now in college who has triple x syndrome and it truly tears me up to think of her not in my life. Notwithstanding the relatively high prevalence of triple x syndrome, there are many issues yet to be studied in physical and behavioural development up to old age. Triple x syndrome article about triple x syndrome by the. It does not always cause symptoms but sometimes it can result in certain physical characteristicsproblems, such as taller than average height, a small head, poor motor skills, learning disabilities or. The extra x chromosome can have no effect on a girls health, or it can cause physical and mental abnormalities that may range from very mild to more pronounced. From genetics to targeted treatment provides a structured overview of the molecular and clinical background of the disorder as well as treatment options. Upper crossed syndrome refers to an overlapping configuration of overactive and underactive muscle groups. Fragile x syndrome educational implications for fragile x. Clinical picture is characterized by achalasia, alacrimia and acthresistant adrenal failure. It does not always cause symptoms but sometimes it can result in certain physical characteristicsproblems, such as taller than average height, a small head, poor motor skills, learning disabilities or behavioral problems and infertility. Females with fxs may have symptoms ranging from mild to severe, although they are. The outstanding feature of the syndrome is the occurrence of twin barr. The book discusses the detailed molecular information on each of the pathways involved with sufficient details for all whose research touches this pathway.
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome pots is a circulatory disorder that can make you feel faint and dizzy. It is a rare disease and inherited by autosomal recessive pattern. Dec, 2011 are there any famous people with triple x syndrome. Intelligence may be at the lower range of normal, stature is usually tall, there may be speech and behavioral problems. This book is distributed under the terms of the creative commons. Fragile x syndrome fxs, also called martinbell syndrome, is a.
It is also the most commonly known single gene cause of autism. Looking for online definition of triple x syndrome in the medical dictionary. Several authors published descriptions of a more global autonomic disturbance associated with the original three. When down syndrome is suspected in a person, a genetic test called a chromosome analysis is performed on a blood or skin sample to look for an extra chromosome 21 trisomy 21. Before genetic testing, genetic counselling is important to get more information about the disorder. Jul 01, 2009 triple x syndrome is a syndrome with a high level of variety in the physical and behavioural phenotype. To determine whats causing your symptoms, a doctor will take a careful medical history and give you a physical examination. Triplea syndrome or aaa syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive congenital disorder. Benign fasciculation syndrome is thought to be due to overactivity of the nerves associated with the twitching muscle. Many girls with triple x syndrome are healthy and do not experience any symptoms. Turner syndrome is variable, and each girl and woman will have unique health needs and characteristics.
The second author, frederic silverman, was a radiologist, for the discovery of child abuse was a matter of x ray technology. Jul 10, 2019 turner syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects a girls development. I have just written a book about a case that occurred in venice in the 18th century. Rothmundthomson syndrome nord national organization for. And i promise you that i say this because of all i have seen my sister become, not due to any feelingsopinions about pregnancy termination. Although nonmosaic 47,xxx karyotypes are the most frequent, mosaicism occurs in 10% of patients or in combinations, including turner syndrome cell. As a result of the extra x chromosome, each cell has a total of 47 chromosomes 47, xxx instead of the usual 46. Search the worlds most comprehensive index of fulltext books. The carrier protein and gene sequence have only recently been identified. Ehlersdanlos syndrome can affect the skin, joints, and blood vessels. From genetics to targeted treatment provides a structured overview of.
Fragile x syndrome, so called because it results from a mutation on the x chromosome, is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability. Girls with triple x syndrome may have slightly lower intelligence, problems with verbal skills, and more school problems than siblings. Rare photos not appropriate for history books youtube. In addition, youll find great book recommendations that may be of interest to you based on your search and purchase history, as well as the most wished for and most gifted books. Pearson syndrome genetic and rare diseases information. Blood samples are taken to examine the patients genes. Nov 01, 2006 the monarch initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. About 47,xxx trisomy x the association for x and y. Trisomy x nord national organization for rare disorders. Jul 06, 2017 some girls and women with triple x syndrome show no symptoms at all, causing the disorder to go undiagnosed.
Triplex syndrome definition of triplex syndrome by. Incidence is unknown, and only scattered family and case reports are noted in the literature. The following is a list of genetic disorders and if known, type of mutation and the chromosome involved. According to the national institutes of health, 5 to 10 girls are born with the disorder in the united states every day. The syndrome involves achalasia, addisonianism adrenal insufficiency of primary type, and alacrima insufficiency of tears. Fragile x syndrome nord national organization for rare. In march 2001, the national institutes of health issued the following warning. Triple x syndrome symptoms, pictures, treatment, life. General discussion rothmundthomson syndrome rts is a rare genetic disorder that can affect many parts of the body. Triple x syndrome occurs in around 1 in 1,000 girls. These are things like tendons and ligaments that hold parts of your body together. The syndrome was first identified by jeremy allgrove and colleagues in 1978.
Most girls and women have two complete x chromosomes the sex chromosomes for females. An extra copy of the x chromosome is associated with tall stature, learning problems, and other features in some girls and women. Whether cognitive decline in adults with triple x syndrome is part of the syndrome or has to be explained through geneenvironment interactions requires further longitudinal studies. A positive family history may be an important risk factor, since triple a syndromes can be inherited currently, no other risk factors have been clearly identified for triple a syndrome it is important to note that having a risk factor does not mean that one will get the condition. The first published report of a woman with a 47,xxx karyotype was by patricia a. A guide for families and individuals affected by extra x and y chromosome variations. Environmental education resources to commemorate earth days 50th anniversary.
Triple x syndrome a bibliography and dictionary for. Triple x syndrome diagnosis can be confirmed by genetic testing, in which the chromosomes are analyzed in a blood sample. Our bodies are composed of millions of cells and each cell contains 46 chromosomes inside of its nuclei, which acts as the brain for the individual cell. Fragile x syndrome fxs is the most common known cause of inherited intellectual disability external icon. Fragile x syndrome fxs is a genetic disorder characterized by mildtomoderate intellectual. Females normally have two x chromosomes in all cells one x chromosome from each parent.
Triple x syndrome is an abnormality in the chromosomes that affects 1 in 1,000 females. Ehlersdanlos syndrome eds is the name given to a group of more than 10 different inherited disorders. An extra x chromosome in some of the cells mosaic klinefelter syndrome, with fewer symptoms more than one extra copy of the x chromosome, which is rare and results in a severe form extra copies of genes on the x chromosome can interfere with male sexual development and fertility. Insertion history of triple x diagnosis signs and syptoms prognosis treament it could cause mental disorders and delayed learning how to walk, talk, and speak. Triple x syndrome is not rare, but it is often undiagnosed. This condition occurs only in females, as there are no y chromosomes present. Triple x syndrome a bibliography and dictionary for physicians, patients, and genome researchers paperback july 20, 2007 by philip m. The prognosis of persons diagnosed with triple x syndrome is good if they have parents who support them and love them unconditionally. The 23rd pair of chromosomes usually consists of two x chromosomes in normal females. Genetic malfunctions that cause mental illness dummies. The ctnnb1 gene provides the blueprint for the creation of betacatenin, which is a multitasking protein that allows for cell specialization, cell divisiongrowth, cell adhesion, and intercell communication, among other things. Triple x syndrome childrens health issues merck manuals.
In addition to that, compared to other genetic conditions or problems, the triple x syndrome is a manageable disease condition which is why the person has a good prognosis. Triple x syndrome, also called trisomy x or 47, xxx, is a genetic disorder that affects about 1 in 1,000 females. The condition is typically characterized by certain abnormalities, including short stature, moderate to severe intellectual disabilities, delays in the acquisition of most skills, malformations of. Chronic compartment syndrome is much less serious, but its a good idea to get your symptoms checked out and have the cause diagnosed. Pearson syndrome also affects the pancreas, which can cause frequent diarrhea and stomach pain, trouble gaining weight, and diabetes. In humans, xxx females are fertile explanation of triple x syndrome. Thanks to the generosity of the book s author, virginia isaacs cover, msw, axys is pleased to make this book available to the x and y variation community, in its entirety, at no cost. Although the parlance diseasecausing gene is common, it is the occurrence of an abnormality in these genes that causes the disease. Some children with person syndrome may also have problems with their liver, kidneys, heart, eyes, ears, andor brain. Girls who have it are short, and their ovaries dont work properly. Triple x syndrome 47,xxx was first reported in 1959 by jacobs et al.
Are there any famous people with triple x syndrome. On average, five to ten girls with triple x syndrome are born in the united states each day. In drosophila, a female with three x chromosomes and two sets of autosomes resulting in sterility and generally early death. Jul 20, 2007 triple x syndrome a bibliography and dictionary for physicians, patients, and genome researchers philip m. Monarchs tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms phenotypes of different diseases and discover common features. Although this is rare, testing for triple x syndrome is possible even during pregnancy. Cdc articles search a database of articles that have been published by cdc authors within the national center on birth defects and developmental disabilities from 1990 to present. Angelman syndrome is a genetic condition that affects the nervous system and causes severe physical and learning disabilities. Triple x syndrome pictures, symptoms, causes and treatment. If the doctor suspects an acute coronary syndrome, the following tests will be performed. Triple a syndrome genetic and rare diseases information. In fact, its estimated that only 10 percent of females affected are ever diagnosed. In triple x syndrome, a female has three x chromosomes. Individuals who are at risk of cad, such as those with a family history, those who are obese, or those with a history of smoking, should usually have an electrocardiogram ecg or ekg and chest x.
Fragile x syndrome johns hopkins university press books. May 14, 2012 girls and women with triple x syndrome may be more vulnerable to sexual abuse with a higher risk of subsequent mental health problems. Fragile x syndrome is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability in males and is also a significant cause of intellectual disability in females. Allgrove syndrome is characterized by mutations in aaas gene, located on chromosome 12q, that codes for aladin protein. Jan 07, 2019 in hyperornithinemiahyperammonemiahomocitrullinuria syndrome, the mitochondrial ornithine transporter ornt1 is defective. There are still many questions about the serious condition of hellp syndrome. May 11, 2010 trisomy x is a sex chromosome anomaly with a variable phenotype caused by the presence of an extra x chromosome in females 47,xxx instead of 46,xx. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder in which there is an extra full or partial chromosome 21. This edit will also create new pages on comic vine for. Klinefelter syndrome symptoms and causes mayo clinic. For most people with down syndrome, this anomaly causes a host of distinctive physical characteristics as well as potential health and medical problems.
Acute compartment syndrome is a medical emergency and ideally needs to be treated in hospital within a few hours to avoid permanent damage to the muscles or nerves. Ehlersdanlos syndrome eds is a disease that weakens the connective tissues of your body. However, some women with triple x syndrome have given birth to physically normal children who have normal chromosomes. It is the most common female chromosomal abnormality, occurring in approximately 1 in 1,000 female births. Hellp syndrome is thought to be a variant of preeclampsia, but it may be an entity all on its own.
Which specialist should i consult to rule out triple x syndrome. Acute coronary syndrome american heart association. A blood test can show evidence that heart cells are dying. Since then, about 100 cases have been reported, all of them displaying an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.
Turner syndrome is caused by the absence of all or part of the second sex chromosome in some or all of the cells of the body. A progressive neurological syndrome including central, peripheral and autonomic nervous. Another option is to check for this problem when pregnant. Psychiatric disorders seem to be more common in triple x syndrome. Most people with triple a syndrome have all three of these features, although some have only two. Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of at least three of the five following medical conditions. Fragile x syndrome fxs is an identifiable genetic disorder that is one of the more. In 8 of 39 cases, parents were available for a detailed history. It affects about 1 in 4,000 males and 1 in 8,000 females and occurs in all racial and ethnic groups. The disorder is characterized by distinctive abnormalities of the skin, sparse hair, eyelashes andor eyebrows, small stature, skeletal and dental abnormalities, and an increased risk of cancer, especially bone cancer osteosarcoma. Beware, you are proposing to add brand new pages to the wiki along with your edits. The cause is often idiopathic, which means its unknown. Triple x syndrome is a genetic disorder that only affects women.
However, it is estimated that only approximately 10% of cases are diagnosed. Sometimes the syndrome causes menstrual irregularities and infertility. A person with angelman syndrome will have a nearnormal life expectancy, but they will need support throughout their life. Pearson syndrome is caused by a change mutation in the mitochondrial dna. Penta x syndrome is a rare chromosomal abnormality in which females have three extra x chromosomes in the nuclei of body cells 49,xxxxx karyotype.
Achalasia is a disorder that affects the ability to move food through the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach. Triple x syndrome is a syndrome with a high level of variety in the physical and behavioural phenotype. Pedigree, disease symptoms, cure, and inheritance blog. Triple x syndrome definition of triple x syndrome by. Triple x syndrome also called xxx syndrome, trisomy x, or 47,xxx aneuploidy is a genetic disorder in which a woman carries an extra x chromosome in each of her cells. Broken heart syndrome, also known as stressinduced cardiomyopathy, is a condition that has symptoms similar to a heart attack but is actually the bodys response to a stressful event. The number of web sites offering healthrelated resources grows every day. Hellp syndrome is a series of symptoms that make up a syndrome that can affect pregnant women. Living with klinefelter syndrome 47,xxy trisomy x 47, xxx and 47, xyy. Learn more about the symptoms, causes, and treatment of this condition.
Triplea syndrome is characterized by triad of adrenocorticotrophic hormone acthresistant adrenal insufficiency, alacrimia and achalasia cardia. Review of multiple kindreds and analysis of a large, highly inbred kindred provide evidence that this is a rare syndrome with an autosomal recessive inheritance. Diagnosis triple x syndrome involves examining the chromosomes or doing chromosome analysis. Depending on the age of the child, you may need to consult a pediatrician or a gynecologist for.